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SSD reliability
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this way to the Petabyte SSD
Surviving SSD sudden power loss
Data Integrity Challenges in flash SSD Design
.....
1.0" SSDs
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2.5" SSDs
3.5" SSDs
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flash memory
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RAM SSDs
SSD market analysts
STORAGE IC pilot fab
Megabyte was benchmarking the pilot
fab for his new sticky electron process
using 300 mm pizza with a 14 layer topping.
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other suggested chip sites:- Design & Reuse, DigiTimes, EDN, EE Times, ElectroIQ, Electronic Design
storage chip news
Intel buys InfiniBand line from QLogic

Editor:- January 24, 2012 - Intel yesterday announced an agreement to acquire the InfiniBand 40Gbps (pdf) related product lines, IP and business assets of QLogic.


SandForce nominated in GSA awards

Editor:- November 8, 2011 - SandForce has been nominated for the 2011 Global Semiconductor Alliance Awards - in the category "most respected private semiconductor company."


Volume shipments of 16Kb self powered EEPROM

Editor:- November 4, 2011 - STMicroelectronics today announced volume production of a new type of dual function RFID 16Kbit EEPROM which harvests energy from ambient carrier wave energy to power attached electronic components.

The energy harvesting capability of the EEPROM will enable new types of miniaturized electronics. ST has demonstrated the M24LR16E energy-harvesting wireless memory by illuminating indicator LEDs. Other potential applications include e-paper devices such as electronic shelf labels and personal healthcare products.

Editor's comments:- the Russians pioneered the concept of harvesting radio energy to power circuits. In 1952 a bug was found in the US embassy in Moscow which was powered when bombarded with microwaves from a nearby building. It was built into a wooden model of the Great Seal of the US which had been given to the ambassador as a present. ...from the book - GCHQ, by Richard Aldrich.


BiTMICRO nurtures chip design training in Philippines

Editor:- October 25, 2011 - the Bruce Institute of Technology is a new training institute in the Philippines - focused on microchip design - which has been set up in a collaborated effort led by BiTMICRO in partnership with Synopsys, Cadence and leading universtities.

The name celebrates the family name of the Bruce brothers - who founded BiTMICRO in 1995 as an ASIC design consultancy - before embarking on their pioneering market developments in flash SSDs.

BiTMICRO's Chairman and CEO, Rey Bruce said "The Philippines' traction in the global microelectronics industry is almost entirely concentrated in assembly, fabrication and manufacturing. BiTMICRO is practically the only Filipino founded and owned company engaging into actual microchip design and engineering. We will do our part in uplifting the industry to higher valued services and service capabilities with the technology and products that we develop and produce in the country but this will be not enough. Our goal with BIT is replicate our success at BiTMICRO in developing microelectronic design skills."

Rudy Bruce, President of BIT, said "We hope to eventually build a critical mass of locally developed engineers that can make the Philippines a favored destination of the world's best microelectronic design companies. We still believe in the Filipino's ingenuity and their ability to be relevant in the world stage."


Hybrid Memory Cube will enable Petabyte SSDs

Editor:- October 7, 2011 - Samsung and Micron this week launched an new industry initiative - the Hybrid Memory Cube Consortium - which will standardize a new module architecture for memory chips - enabling greater density, faster bandwidth and lower power.

"HMC is unlike anything currently on the radar," said Robert Feurle, Micron's VP for DRAM Marketing. "HMC brings a new level of capability to memory that provides exponential performance and efficiency gains that will redefine the future of memory."


OCZ nabs PLX team to speed new PCIe SSDs

Editor:- October 5, 2011 - OCZ has has agreed to acquire the UK Design Team (approximately 40 engineers located in Abingdon) and certain assets from PLX Technology which will enable OCZ to accelerate the development of its next generation of SSDs - while also reducing development costs.

Editor's comments:- in addition to traditional storage interfaces - PLX's special focus in the past year has been technologies related to faster PCIe SSDs.


Samsung acquires more nv RAM IP

Editor:- August 3, 2011 -Samsung has acquired Grandis - an nv RAM company which has been developing spin transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM).


will DRAM prices go up?

Editor:- July 27, 2011 - Databeans has published a new edition of its Memory Market Tracker ($2,800 quarterly / $6,450 annually) which provides the latest market trends in both DRAM and Flash as well as other memory markets including SRAM, PROM/EPROM, IC Card, Contactless IC Card, and Other Memory.

Among other things - Databeans says - "Certain DRAM suppliers, such as Nanya, Taiwan's biggest computer DRAM chipmaker, expects prices to grow by a double-digit percentage during 3rd quarter of 2011, boosted by back-to-school demand and corporate PC replacement demand, as well as limited supply thanks to a rush of tablets that have hit the market in the middle of 2011 and have gobbled up available DRAM supplies". See also:- storage market research, storage chips.


world's first PCIe PCM SSD

Editor:- June 14, 2011 - NVSL ( the Non-Volatile Systems Lab at UCSD) recently demonstrated a prototype PCIe PCM (phase-change memory) SSD - with R/W speeds upto 1.1GB/s and 327MB/s respectively and 8GB usable capacity.

A spokesperson for the Moneta SSD design team - Professor Steven Swanson said "...Moneta gives us a window into the future of what computer storage systems are going to look like, and gives us the opportunity now to rethink how we design computer systems in response."

Swanson says he hopes to build the 2nd generation of the Moneta storage device in the next 6 to 9 months and says the technology could be ready for market in just a few years as the underlying phase-change memory technology improves.

Editor's comments:- in a white paper Protoype PCM Storage Array (pdf) the team outlines the design and architecture of their PCM SSD prototype and also compares aspects of performance with entry level PCIe flash SSDs from Fusion-io. ...read my views


STEC shifts from FPGAs to ASICs in ZeusIOPS

Editor:- May 10, 2011 - STEC announced it will transition the hardware used in its high performance ZeusIOPS (2.5" and 3.5") SSDs from a dependence on FPGAs to ASICs. And the same ASIC design will be used in new PCIe SSDs later this year.

STEC also announced that its revenue in the most recent quarter was back in alignment with the growth rates for the enterprise SSD market - following a decline in the preceding year attributed to over stocking by its biggest customer EMC.


TMS updates SSD patents list

Editor:- May 3, 2011 - new (to me) is a patents directory on Texas Memory Systems' website which lists the company's US patents which are mostly related to ensuring the integrity of data in fast SSDs.

The most recent - issued a few weeks ago - is related to dealing with timing skews which occur in all digital systems - but which become more significant when data throughput approaches the speed limits of the associated chip driver technology and board layout environment. The patent covers a TMS technique for fine tuning set-up and hold times and extracting reliable data. Other TMS patents in the last year relate to variable size page data striping in flash arrays and a scheme for reducing read disturb errors. See also:- SSD patents (editor mentions on StorageSearch.com).


Anobit sources vital analog IP for SSDs

Editor:- April 12, 2011 - Anobit today announced it has licensed IP cores from Cosmic Circuits for several of its SoCs.

The analog IPs which consisted of linear regulators, a power-on-reset and a silicon oscillator (with integrated clock multiplier) were implemented in 65nm CMOS process. These IPs were integrated into Anobit's flash memory controllers to enhance reliability and performance.

Kobi Blechman, VP R&D at Anobit said, "We had a need for a diverse set of IPs, and were looking for a supplier who had proven expertise in each of these areas. Cosmic fit the bill perfectly. With the strong support provided by their team, we were also able to quickly address any integration issues, making the process smooth and seamless."

Editor's comments:- although this press release only gives partial details of the IP supplied (which relate to managing sudden SSD power loss) I'm also guessing that Cosmic's ADC technology might also be in the mix.

Anobit uses DSP techniques to get better discrimination of the state represented by stored charge in MLC flash. Sampling that charge itself is an error prone process - but the "disturbance noise" filtering by DSP can produce more reliable results if you can improve the ADC's resolution or repeatability. Even a small incremental improvement or tweak in design at this end can produce dramatic increases in data integrity.


PLX ready to play part in PCIe SSD growth

Editor:- March 16, 2011 - PLX Technology today announced it's working with system partners worldwide to accelerate adoption of PCIe SSDs.

PLX has been providing PCIe switches to manufacturers of both HDD and SSD based storage solutions for years and has 65% market share in this segment. PLX is a founding member of the (Intel led) enhanced Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface (NVMHCI) Work Group whose goal is to enable the broad adoption of SSDs using PCIe.

"Enterprise SSD products have attracted significant interest over the past few years," said Michael Yang, principal analyst for memory and storage at iSuppli. "...PCI Express-based products will be the primary catalyst for the segment with 40% compound annual growth rate in shipments through 2015."


OCZ acquires Indilinx

Editor:- March 14, 2011 - OCZ today announced it has signed a definitive agreement to acquire Indilinx for for approximately $32 million of OCZ common stock.


Intel publishes new standard to increase efficiency of PCIe SSDs

Editor:- March 1, 2011 - Intel published version 1.0 of a new proprietary standard for designers of PCIe SSDs in systems which use Intel processors - the NVM Express Optimized PCI Express SSD Interface.

The interface efficiently supports multi-core by ensuring thread(s) may run on each core with its own queue & interrupt without any locks required. For enterprise class solutions, there is support for end-to-end data protection, security & encryption capabilities, as well as robust error reporting and management capabilities.

Intel says that more than 70 companies have contributed to the standard - which will make it easier to write software drivers which support multiple vendors. The new standard will also make it easier for oems to adopt new SSD products from alternative vendors which implement a consistent feature set.


Link_A_Media sues Marvell re HDD data integrity IP

Editor:- February 16, 2011 - Link_A_Media Devices has filed a lawsuit against Marvell asserting that Marvell has infringed on Link_A_Media's U.S. Patent No. 7,590,927 ("Soft Output Viterbi Detector With Error Event Output").

In the complaint, Marvell is accused of willfully and deliberately manufacturing and selling read channel products for storage devices that infringe the '927 Patent. Link_A_Media is seeking monetary damages and an injunction to stop Marvell from continued infringement of the company's patent.

Link_A_Media 's CEO, Hemant K. Thaparcommented that, "Link_A_Media's pioneering work enables manufacturers of hard disk drives to increase the storage density of mobile storage devices and to lower manufacturing costs for these products. We intend to enforce and defend the intellectual property on our work to ensure that Link_A_Media's inventions are not unfairly exploited."


Business opportunities from Intel's imperfect bridge chips

Editor:- February 9, 2011 - Intel Knowingly Sells Faulty Chipsets. are they Crazy? is a new article on PCWorld.com which discusses how Intel is dealing with the issue of a bridge chip with known defects in some SATA ports.

I rarely read that publication because my interests are enterprise storage and SSDs - but the author Keir Thomas had linked to StorageSearch.com from another recent article he wrote - Seagate: SSDs are Doomed (at Least for Now) - which showed up in my web stats.

When I started my storage reliability directory in 2006 - I knew that large storage vendors would ship flaky SSDs and hard drives - but I assumed that would be due to the unwitting and creeping use of inappropriate design and testing methodologies - rather than deliberate business decisions.

Another characteristic of this Intel chip is that if oems populate all the RAM slots which it "supports" - the speed drops down to unattractive levels.

But that's not bad news for everyone. Adrian Proctor, VP of of Marketing at Viking told me last month it means there's a growing population of DIMM slots on motherboards which can't be used for RAM - but could be used instead to save space and power by installing their SATADIMM SSDs to replace HDDs as boot drives. Other companies make 1 inch and smaller SSDs too.


companies you can trust to speed your SandForce SSD to market

Editor:- January 31, 2011 -SandForce has started a directory of companies, tools, technologies and services to help SSD designers integrate its SSD processors and get them to market more quickly.

Each member company in the new SandForce Trusted™ program ensures that their products and/or services fully support SandForce SSD Processors and provides response to SandForce customer inquiries within 24 hours while committing to high-priority support for fastest problem resolution.

Editor's comments:- 6 out of the 7 initial companies in the new program provide test / design verification products.


new report looks at NAND flash succession

Editor:- January 11, 2011 - Forward Insights and its research collaborators have compiled an in-depth, independent analysis which analyzes the options for various non volatile memory technologies which could become viable in storage after floating gate NAND flash hits fundamental scaling limitations

What's after NAND? (pdf outline) is the product of experts in floating gate and charge trap flash, and resistive and emerging memory technologies. This new report (price $10k) evaluates 3D NAND and cross point memory concepts from Hynix, Intel, Macronix, Micron, Samsung, SanDisk, Toshiba and Unity and concludes with a roadmap till the end of the decade.


Samsung anticipates DDR4 market readiness in 2011

Editor:- January 4, 2011 - Samsung Electronics has developed the industry's 1st DDR4 DRAM - a 2GB RAM module using 30nm class technology.

The new DDR4 is about 30% faster than DDR3 (at the same process geometry) and could reduce power consumption by 40% compared DDR3. Samsung is working with server makers and standards orgs like JEDEC with the aim of standardizing DDR4 technologies in the 2nd half of this year.


Watts that DRAM doing to the power budget?

Editor:- December 7, 2010 - Rambus said it will unveil a new power modeling tool designed to understand and predict energy consumption in current and future DRAM device today at the MICRO-43 conference in Atlanta, GA.

The paper will later be posted on its online library.


will Micron's enhanced flash memory really eliminate error concerns?

Editor:- December 3, 2010 - Micron recently announced availability of enhanced 16GB to 64GB 25nm MLC flash memory chips with integrated error management - which the company says - removes the burden of ECC from the host and simplifies the use of flash in enterpise apps.

Editor's comments:- as discussed in my recent article - bad block management in flash SSDs good blocks and less good blocks have always coexisted in flash memory. But as device geometries shrink (to increase capacity and speed) the margin of error between usable and non usable cells has shrunk too. In practical terms this means that the raw media quaility of new flash chips has declined in the past decade from under 1% defects, then 2%, 5% and I've seen projections as high as 10% for emerging MLC. read longer version of comments


new article - bad block management in flash SSDs

Editor:- November 26, 2010 - StorageSearch.com today published a new article - principles of bad block management in flash SSDs.

It's a non technical introduction to the thinking behind one of the many vital functions inside a flash SSD controller. The new article - started out life this morning as a long email reply to one of my readers. ...read the article


new book - Inside NAND Flash

Editor:- November 17, 2010 - Forward Insights (an SSD analyst company) is one of the contributers to a new book called - Inside NAND Flash Memories.

The publishers say that SSD designers must understand flash technology in order to exploit its benefits and countermeasure its weaknesses. The new book is a comprehensive guide to the NAND world - from circuits design (analog and digital) to reliability.


Greenliant samples SATA BGA SSDs

Editor:- November 8, 2010 -Greenliant Systems has begun sampling SATA compatible variants of its NANDrive GLS85LS (miniature SSDs).

The new SSDs have upto 64GB capacity in a 14mm x 24mm x 1.85mm 145 BGA. Active-mode power consumption as low as 500mW and a deep power-down mode can reduce this to 10mW. The SSDs have content protection zones and designers can select areas of the storage to protect with fast erase.


News to me - Seagate has MRAM technology

Editor:- November 5, 2010 - an interesting article on Denali's blog site discusses Seagate's relationship with MRAM.


Web-Feet reports on Storage Class Memories

Editor:- October 18, 2010 - Web-Feet Research has just released its latest technology assessment report on Flash Memory, DRAM and the rise of alternative Non Volatile Memories and Storage Class Memories in - MTS650FT-2010 (summary pdf) - price $7,500.

This new report evaluates the most promising SCM memories: PCM, STT-RAM, MRAM, Z-RAM, ReRAM, CBRAM, QsRAM, and FeRAM. The manufacturability of SCM storage is evaluated for: CMOx, PCM-S, RRAM-S, 3D NAND and some claims that SST-MRAM can fulfill the storage function.
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Micron buys SSD PCIe integration IP
Editor:- January 20, 2012 - Micron today announced it has acquired the assets of UK based Virtensys which marketed rackmount SSDs stuffed with Micron's PCIe SSDs and supported by a patented multi-server sharing virtualization interface.

Editor's comments:- if buying an SSD software company was a good idea for leading PCIe SSD makers Fusion-io and OCZ - then Micron has to follow suit or get out of the game.

Chipmakers generally dislike buying "systems" software companies - because they don't understand systems and risk alienating their oem customers. But Micron's reputation won't be dented if they can't leverage the Virtensys software.
image shows software factory - click to see storage software directory Everyone knows how hard it is to get real value out of a software acquisition. And in the next few weeks more people will take another look at Micron's Micron's SSD pages. So it's paid for itself already.
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What's the best way to design a flash SSD?
and other questions which divide SSD opinion

More than 10 key areas of fundamental disagreement within the SSD industry are discussed in an article here on StorageSearch.com called the the SSD Heresies.
click to read the article - the SSD Heresies ... Why can't SSD's true believers agree upon a single coherent vision for the future of solid state storage? ...read the article
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this way to the Petabyte SSD
In 2016 there will be just 3 types of SSD in the datacenter.

One of them doesn't exist yet - the bulk storage SSD.

It will replace the last remaining strongholds of hard drives in the datacenter due to its unique combination of characteristics, low running costs and operational advantages.
click to read the article -  reaching for the petabyte SSD - not as scary as you may think ... The new model of the datacenter - how we get from here to there - and the technical problems which will need to be solved - are just some of the ideas explored in this visionary article.
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"PCM is a bigger threat to supercaps than to flash..."
...Editor talking to various strategists and investors June 30, 2011 - in response to comments about a news story by IBM that its researchers had proven the viability of multi-bit PCM storage.
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Surviving SSD sudden power loss
Why should you care what happens in an SSD when the power goes down?

This important design feature - which barely rates a mention in most SSD datasheets and press releases - has a strong impact on SSD data integrity and operational reliability.

This article will help you understand why some SSDs which (work perfectly well in one type of application) might fail in others... even when the changes in the operational environment appear to be negligible.
image shows Megabyte's hot air balloon - click to read the article SSD power down architectures and acharacteristics If you thought endurance was the end of the SSD reliability story - think again. ...read the article
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 SandForce logo - click to see  profile click to see more SSD  Bookmarks
the SSD Bookmarks

suggestions by

Michael Raam, CEO, SandForce
Here's an article written by or about SandForce

SandForce SSDs break TPC-C records - published in SemiAccurate

Michael says he chose this article because it provides a good independently written overview of the key features that differentiate SandForce SSD Processors from other controllers available today. The article covers the key features of DuraClass technology which bring unprecedented reliability, performance, and energy efficiency to Enterprise, Client, and Industrial storage markets.

Here's an article written by SandForce

Key Challenges in SSD Controller Development - published in Electronic Design

Michael Raam says There are some major challenges in SSD controller design that require very creative solutions. And this article discusses many of those challenges that better explains the issues."


Other SSD article suggestions...


SSDs Take Out the Garbage - published in EnterpriseStorageForum

With so much confusion around how garbage collection works, Michael wanted to pass along this article link with some interesting information and explanation around this feature.


7-Way SSD Roundup - SandForce vs JMicron - published in HotHardware

Michael says because SandForce does not build SSDs directly, it is often difficult to know which SSD offerings include a SandForce SSD Processor. This article names a number of SSD suppliers and the recent models which include the SandForce processor as well as the performance expectations from these drives.


Write amplification - on Wikipedia

Michael has come across a good summary on Write Amplification that explains in detail what makes up this very complex element of Solid State Drives. It also provides details as to what causes the number to increase or decrease.

Editor:- thanks Michael for sharing your SSD links.

see also:- SandForce - editor mentions on StorageSearch.com
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There are hundreds of SSD articles on StorageSearch.com
Here are some examples.
  • SSD Market History - lists product and technology milestones in the 30 years of the SSD market upto the end of 2009.
  • RAM Cache Ratios in flash SSDs - it's important to know the underlying RAM cache architecture - even if you're happy with the R/W and IOPS performance.
  • 2010 - 1st Fizz in the SSD Bubble? - even the dogs in the street know this is going to be a multibillion dollar market. Greed will play as big a part as technology in shaping the SSD year ahead.
  • the pros and cons of using SSD ASAPs - auto tuning SSD appliances are a new category of SSD which entered the market in the 2nd half of 2009 to accelerate servers without needing human tune-ups. How can you tell if they are right for you? And how well do they work?
  • the Problem with Write IOPS - in flash SSDs - long established as a useful performance modeling metric - this article explains why some specs are exaggerated when applied to flash SSDs - or predict the wrong results for many common applications.
"There's a growing realization in the enterprise market that RAM SSDs will be a permanent part of the SSD toolkit in high transaction volume datacenters... Kove's Xpress Disk embodies how fast you can go in a SAN storage appliance."
...Editor:- from the new edition of the Top SSD Companies.
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Storage interface chipmakers
ACARD Technology

Adaptec

Alacritech

Alliance Semiconductor

AMCC

AMD

ARC International

ASMedia Technology

Atmel

Broadcom

Capella Microsystems

CAST

CebaTech

Cirrus Logic

Criteria Labs

Cypress Semiconductor

Denali Software

ECC Technologies

Emulex

Eonsil

Exar

Faraday Technology

Freescale Semiconductor

Global Unichip

Fujitsu Semiconductor

Hyperchip

Hyperstone

IBM

IDT

IMEC

Indilinx

Infineon Technologies

Initio

Intel

IntelliProp

Intersil

JMicron

Kilopass Technology

LayerWalker Technology

LDIC

LeWiz

Link_A_Media Devices

LSI

Lucent Technologies

Marvell

Maxim Integrated Products

Mellanox Technologies

Microsemi

MIPS Technologies

MOSAID Technologies

MoSys

NEC Electronics

NetCell

NetEffect

Netlist

NetSilicon

Pacific Digital

P.A. Semi

Philips Semiconductors

Phison Electronics

PLX Technology

PMC-Sierra

OZ Optics

QLogic

QuickLogic

Rambus

Renesas Technology

RMI

Samsung Electronics

SandForce

Scanimetrics

Sierra Logic

Silicom

Silicon Image

Silicon Integrated Systems

Silicon Motion

SiliconStor

Silicon Storage Technology

Skymedi

Solid State System

Sonics

STMicroelectronics

Symwave

Synopsys

TaraCom Integrated Products

Texas Instruments

Toshiba America Electronic

TriQuint Semiconductor

UMC

VIA Technologies

Vitesse Semiconductor

White Electronic Designs

Winbond Electronics

XLC Disk

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